Duodenal hematoma (Intramural duodenal hematoma (IMDH))

General: Associated with external blunt-force trauma to the abdomen, or rarely following duodenal mucosal biopsy (usually in the setting of a hematology-oncology patient) or other procedures in the vicinity. May cause duodenal obstruction and associated complications. Generally managed medically with nasogastric tube decompression and total bowel rest until the hematoma resolves. May, however, progress to biliary obstruction, significant blood loss requiring transfusion for survival, or require percutaneous or open surgical drainage and resection.